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Method & Assumptions

Classical momentum theory with drivetrain losses
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Hover model

Stationary hover is modelled with an ideal actuator disk. Total rotor thrust balances vehicle weight.

T = mg · vᵢ = √(T / (2ρA)) · Pᵢ = T vᵢ

Power model

Ideal induced power is corrected with rotor figure of merit and drivetrain efficiencies.

Pₑₗ = Pᵢ / (FM · ηmotor · ηESC)

Battery model

Usable battery energy is estimated from nominal voltage, capacity and a user-defined usable fraction.

t = 60 · (V C fusable) / Pₑₗ

Assumptions

  • steady hover and incompressible flow
  • identical, uniformly loaded rotors
  • no rotor overlap or interference
  • no ground effect or fuselage download
  • constant FM and electrical efficiencies
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Parameters

Vehicle, rotor, environment and battery
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Vehicle & Rotor

Aerodynamics & Drivetrain

Battery

0.80 corresponds to 80% usable nominal battery energy.
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Results

Hover performance and propulsion demand
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Total Thrust
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Hover Power
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Disk Loading
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Current
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Endurance
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Detailed Results

QuantityValueUnitStatus
Thrust per rotor–N–
Total disk area–m²–
Disk loading–N/m²–
Induced velocity–m/s–
Ideal induced power–W–
Rotor shaft power–W–
Electrical hover power–W–
Current per motor–A–
Thrust-to-weight ratio–––
Battery discharge rate–C–
Estimated endurance–min–
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Visualization

Rotor geometry and diameter sensitivity
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Multirotor Planform

Electrical Hover Power vs. Propeller Diameter

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Engineering Checks

Automatic preliminary-design warnings
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