Circulation
Odd Fourier modes represent the symmetric spanwise circulation.
Γ(θ)=2bV∞ Σ Aₙ sin(nθ)
Odd Fourier modes represent the symmetric spanwise circulation.
The first coefficient controls total finite-wing lift.
Higher modes capture non-elliptical loading.
Elliptical loading approaches e=1.
Steady, incompressible, inviscid, attached flow; straight unswept wing, linear taper/twist and linear section lift curve. No profile drag or stall.
Cyan curve represents Γ(y); trailing filaments visualize the shed wake.
| Wing area S | – |
| Mean aerodynamic chord | – |
| Tip chord | – |
| Induced drag factor δ | – |